Isopropyl myristate (IPM) is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid. It is a common, naturally occurring fatty acid. IPM is a moisturizer with polar characteristics used in cosmetics and topical medical preparations to ameliorate skin absorption. IPM has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer. At the moment, the primary usage for which IPM is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse.
PLGA NPs loaded with paclitaxel were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. WGA was coupled to preformed IPM- and paclitaxel-loaded PLGA NPs by the two-step carbodiimide method. Coupling with WGA surface can increase particle size while adding IPM and WGA can reduce zeta potential. WGA did not affect the in vitro release profile of paclitaxel, but the addition of IPM enhanced the initial release of paclitaxel. WIT-NP (paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles containing IPM and surface modified with WGA)was more cytotoxic to A549 and H1299 cells in vitro than other nanoparticle formulations. WIT-NP more efficiently ingests cells through WGA receptor-mediated endocytosis, and IPM promotes the release of paclitaxel from NPs, thus showing stronger cell-killing effects. Scientists proposed that the addition of IPM resulted in the dissolution of loaded paclitaxel in both IPM and PLGA substrates, and drug diffusion through IPM contributes to a faster release of paclitaxel from the NP.
Using human epidermal membrane as material, the effects of IPM and short-chain alkanol binary carrier on the permeation of E2 in vitro were studied. While the neat solvents modestly increased the E2 flux, the addition of IPM to the alkanols resulted in a synergistic enhancement of the E2 flux. This combination was also the best in terms of relative compositions of the IPM/i-PrOH cosolvents. While i-PrOH traversed the skin, IPM was retained in the stratum corneum. The uptake of both IPM and E2 in the stratum corneum was largely increased by adding i-PrOH (up to 50%) to IPM. This combination of i-PrOH diffusion across and IPM retention in the stratum corneum offers synergistic enhancement in transdermal delivery for other lipophilic drugs.
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