Soya bean oil (SBO) is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean. It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and the second most consumed vegetable oil. SBO contains only trace amounts of fatty carboxylic acids (about 0.3% by mass in the crude oil, 0.03% in the refined oil).
The chosen lipid phase was a blend of coconut kernel oil (CKO) and SBO. CKO is a saturated lipid with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) extracted from the kernel of coconuts harvested from the coconut palm, whereas SBO is long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) obtained from soybeans. Three lipid-based gels, namely nano-emulgel, macroemulgel, and cream-gel were successfully developed from CKO/SBO blended at a ratio of 70:30. Only when the oil droplets meet the requirements, stable lipid-based emulsions can be formed. After 7 heating/cooling cycles, the emulsion stability index (ESI) reaches 100%. These gels then are followed by loading phenytoin. All gels showed non-Newtonian and shear-thinning flow behavior, and the yield stress range was 18.8-51.5 Pa. The in vitro release curves of all formulations accorded with the first-order kinetic model, R2 > 0.95. The results showed that the release rate of phenytoin in lipid nano-emulsion was the highest, with 93.12% in 12 hours, followed by cream-gel (56.42%) and macro-emulgel (51.51%). Therefore, nano-emulgel size drops are considered to be the most important lipid-based drug delivery system for topical administration.
Fig.1 Cumulative percentage of phenytoin released from lipid gel formulations. (Lee, 2016)
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