Scientists at Creative Biolabs are professional in providing highly customized 5-methylcytidine modification services for RNA structure optimization, stability improvement, and epigenetic research.
5-Methylcytidine (m⁵C), also called 5-methyl-cytidine, is a modified nucleoside derived from 5-methylcytosine (5mC), in which a methyl group is linked to the C-5 in the 6-atom ring of cytosine base catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase. 5mC has been considered to be the fifth DNA base, which is common in DNA deoxynucleotides of many animals and plants, also is found in ribonucleic acids of animal, plant, and bacterial organisms. In animals, especially vertebrates and mammalian, 5mC is mainly present in cytosine-guanine sequence (CpG), while, 5mC can be found in multiple sites and served as a marker to protect DNA from being cut by the methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease. In vitro, 5mC can be derivatives into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and thymine under corresponding reaction conditions.
Fig.1 Cytosine modifications and active demethylation pathway in the animal system.1
Although m⁵C modification has been well characterized in DNA, its biological functions and meaning in RNA remain to be fully explained. It has been confirmed that m⁵C can be detected and quantified in both transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by bisulfite sequencing technology. Next-generation sequencing indicated that m⁵C widely presented in coding and non-coding RNAs.
In RNAs, m⁵C is produced when a methyl group attached to the C-5 of cytosine catalyzed by NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2). It has been demonstrated that m⁵C or cytosine-5 methylation in mRNA could improve the stability of mRNA structure, m⁵C modification in rRNA may affect the translation process, and tRNA m⁵C involved the regulation of protein translation in stress pathways and tissue differentiation. Additionally, m⁵C modification is also implicated with a variety of functional processes, such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, mRNA decay inhibition, anticodon-codon pairing stabilization. The NSUN2 gene mutations in humans result in Dubowitz syndrome, autosomal recessive syndrome, and other disorders.
Fig.2 A comparison of four techniques used to identify transcriptome-wide m⁵C sites.2
Based on the functions described above, these m⁵C modifications can be potentially applied for the analysis of methylation processes, especially those epigenetics studies associated with the regulation of gene expression and differentiation as well as genomic imprinting establishment. Also, the critical bio-functions of m⁵C modifications may offer some important clues for the novel mRNA-based therapeutics.
As a leader in the field of RNA development, much effort has been devoted to the diverse modifications of RNA at Creative Biolabs. Added by the well-constructed technology platform, we provide comprehensive m⁵C modification services for the RNA structure optimization. And solutions based on m⁵C modification for disease therapy are also available.
You can directly contact us for more details. Our scientists are glad to promote your specific project based on the values of quality, timing, and price.
Inquire About Our ServicesA: 5-Methylcytidine (m⁵C) refers to the methylation of the 5th carbon of the cytidine ring in RNA molecules. This modification plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, including RNA stability, translation efficiency, and gene expression. Understanding m⁵C modifications can provide insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
A: Creative Biolabs offers comprehensive services for 5-Methylcytidine modification, including RNA methylation analysis, detection of m⁵C sites, m⁵C-related protein identification, functional analysis of m⁵C modifications, and custom methylation profiling. These services are designed to assist researchers in elucidating the biological significance of m⁵C in different contexts.
A: Yes, Creative Biolabs provides functional analysis services to assess the impact of 5-Methylcytidine modifications on RNA function and cellular processes. This includes studies on RNA stability, translation efficiency, interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and the broader implications on gene expression and cellular phenotypes.
A: Creative Biolabs accepts a wide variety of sample types for 5-Methylcytidine modification analysis, including total RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and small RNAs from different biological sources such as cell lines, tissues, and biofluids. They also cater to specialized needs, providing customized protocols to handle diverse sample requirements.
A: The project duration for 5-Methylcytidine modification analysis varies depending on the scope and complexity of the project. Typically, turnaround times range from a few weeks to a couple of months. Creative Biolabs strives to provide timely updates and results to facilitate the swift progress of research projects.
This study aims to provide a comprehensive, high-resolution map of 5-methylcytidine (m⁵C) modifications in RNA across bacteria, archaea, and yeast using bisulfite treatment and massively parallel sequencing. The results confirm the presence of m⁵C in rRNA and tRNA across these organisms and reveal novel m⁵C sites in yeast and archaeal rRNAs. Additionally, this research uncovers m⁵C modifications in archaeal mRNAs, identified by a consensus motif, which is a novel finding. The study's broad transcriptome-wide mapping highlights the functional significance of m⁵C in post-transcriptional RNA regulation, emphasizing its prevalence beyond the eukaryotic domain and suggesting its role in fine-tuning gene expression across different life forms.
Fig.3 Methylated positions in mRNAs of S. solfataricus.3
| Cat. No | Product Name | Promoter |
|---|---|---|
| CAT#: GTVCR-WQ001MR | IVTScrip™ pT7-mRNA-EGFP Vector | T7 |
| CAT#: GTVCR-WQ002MR | IVTScrip™ pT7-VEE-mRNA-EGFP Vector | T7 |
| CAT#: GTVCR-WQ003MR | IVTScrip™ pT7-VEE-mRNA-FLuc Vector | T7 |
| CAT#: GTVCR-WQ87MR | IVTScrip™ pT7-VEE-mRNA-Anti-SELP, 42-89-glycoprotein Vector | T7 |
| Cat. No | Product Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| CAT#: GTTS-WQ001MR) | IVTScrip™ mRNA-EGFP (Cap 1, 30 nt-poly(A)) | Reporter Gene |
| CAT#: GTTS-WK18036MR | IVTScrip™ mRNA-Human AIMP2, (Cap 1, Pseudo-UTP, 120 nt-poly(A)) | Enzyme mRNA |
| (CAT#: GTTS-WQ004MR) | IVTScrip™ mRNA-Fluc (Cap 1, 30 nt-poly(A)) | Reporter Gene |
| (CAT#: GTTS-WQ009MR) | IVTScrip™ mRNA-β gal (Cap 1, 30 nt-poly(A)) | Reporter Gene |
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