Sodium glycocholate (SGC) is a bile salt, which is a biochemical formed by the conjugation of cholic acid with glycine. It contains glycocholate and is white to white creamed powder odorless or practically odorless.
Fig.1 Chemical Structure of SGC.
Recent reports have shown that liposomes containing bile salts can improve the oral and transdermal absorption of drug molecules compared with traditional liposomes. Bile salts used in drug delivery systems mainly include SGC, SDC, and STC, because they are less irritating. Liposomes containing cholesterol or bile salts, including SGC, SDC, and STC, were prepared by the thin-membrane dispersion method. Their particle size and entrapment efficiency were similar. In vitro corneal transport and in vivo corneal uptake experiments suggested that liposomes containing bile salts have better transmembrane permeation ability than those containing cholesterol and can improve the transport of immunosuppressant drugs across the cornea by 3-4-fold. Cytotoxicity and in vivo corneal tolerance studies indicated that liposomes containing STC or SGC were well tolerated, whereas those containing SDC were toxic to both spontaneously derived human corneal epithelial cells (SDHCECs) and rabbit cornea. Therefore, liposomes containing STC and SGC have low toxicity and great permeability and they are potential carriers for ocular drug delivery systems.
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